Symbolic Interactionism In A Subculture - 1400 Words

Every individual is involved in various groups, activities, relationships, and roles, therefore participating in a subculture. Objective and subjective contingencies influence one’s involvement with their subculture. These shifts and stages of involvement form one’s subcultural career. Analyzing such subcultural careers from the symbolic interactionist perspective teaches one much about the interpretive and social dimensions of participation in a subculture. An understanding of the theoretical framework of symbolic interactionism and of the definitions of concepts such as subcultures and subcultural careers provides a framework for effectively analyzing my career in the Tylenol drug subculture. The symbolic interactionist perspective to†¦show more content†¦Symbolic interactionism sees reality as constantly changing, based on individuals’ experiences and construction of meanings. The term â€Å"subculture† is used in many contexts. The Dictionary of the Social Sciences defines subculture as â€Å"a set of distinctive norms, values, artifacts, language, symbols, or forms of knowledge that a particular social group uses to distinguish itself from the dominant culture† (Calhoun, 2002). Membership in a subculture involves these characteristics, among others, such as identify and perspective. A drug subculture, specifically, is â€Å"a group in which the use, distribution, and/or regulation of [a] drug is a focal endeavour† (McLuhan, 2017). Drug subcultures can involve either legal or illegal drugs. Symbolic interactionists analyze drug use with the social learning theory, perceiving the formation of drug subcultures as learned behavior based on interactions with society (McLuhan, 2017). Participation in a subculture is a career. A career is â€Å"a patterned sequence of occupational roles though which individuals move over the course of a working life, implying increased prestige and other rewards, although not ex cluding downward occupational and social mobility† (Scott Marshall, 2009). One’s subcultural career involves the stages, sequences, and shifts of one’s participation in that subculture. Every career contains different stages; however, four stages are common: initial involvement, sustained and intensifyingShow MoreRelatedCharles Horton Cooley and the Symbolic Interactionism Theory1303 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Horton Cooley and the Symbolic Interactionism Theory Should we associate the abandonment of ‘self’ with symbolic interactionism? Do you feel the need to ‘change your stripes’ to fit in with society? ‘An individual is an abstraction unknown to experience, and so likewise is society when regarded as something apart from individuals.... Society and individuals do not denote separable phenomena, but are simply collective and distributive aspects of the same thing†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Thomas Francis O Dea)Read MoreCulture Is The Second Social Construction875 Words   |  4 Pagesdiversity is called cultural relativism. When a person is placed into a culture that they are not use to cultural shock may occur. This results in feeling admiration, crisis, recovery and adjustment to the new culture. Within a large culture there are subcultures. This is when a group of the larger population have different norms and it sets them apart from â€Å"mainstream culture† (Ravelli and Webber, 2013, p.128) Also, if a culture within a larger population opposes the larger culture in the area this is calledRead MoreSymbolic Interactionism Was Proposed By J. Mead1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe theory of symbolic interactionism was proposed by J. Mead. He identifies two levels of interaction: non-symbolic and symbolic. The difference between them is that non-symbolic interaction is a characteristic of living nature, whereas a symbolic interaction is common for human society only. The scientist believed that people react not only to the actions of others but also to their intentions. It means that they unravel the intentions of other people, analyzing their actions, putting themselvesRead MoreDeviance Theory and Drug Use1619 Words   |  7 Pagesenforcers. Examples of criminal deviance include: rape, murder, robbery, and what the focus of this paper- drug abuse (Thio 143-144). There are three main perspectives relating to sociology and deviance: Conflict perspective, Functionalism, and Symbolic Interactionist. The conflict perspective gives a rather negative view of society. It states that society is always changing and that change results in competition. There are two main ideas being discussed my conflict theorists: power theory and conflictRead MoreEssay about Research Methodology Report1448 Words   |  6 Pagesbut also its subculture mentioning its DIY punk ethic, political activism and most importantly its influential Zine network. However the purpose of this report is to demonstrate a grounded understanding in three research methodologies and how I will apply each one in regards to my own project. Firstly I’ll investigate the advantages of an Instrumental Case Study, looking at how it proliferates, rather than narrows a given field of study. Secondly I will delve into Symbolic Interactionism referringRead MoreThe Subculture I Choose Is Vam pire Lifestyle843 Words   |  4 Pagesthe culture. The subculture I choose is Vampire Lifestyle. In this essay, I will talk about the theoretical perspective, what is culture and how it connect with counter culture, how it has been affected by the consumerism and how it held together by the cultural capital. I choose the symbolic interactionism for my theoretical perspective. From sociological perspective, symbolic interactionism most concerned with the face-to-face interaction between members of society. Symbolic interaction remindsRead MoreSymbolic Interactionist Perspective In Sociology1543 Words   |  7 Pageslenses in which they look through; they can either clear up or distort the â€Å"image.† Sociologists employ three primary theoretical perspectives: the symbolic interactionist perspective, the functionalist perspective, and the conflict perspective. (Crossman, 2017) Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Also known as symbolic interactionism, the symbolic interactionist perspective directs sociologists into considering symbols and details found in the everyday life of people.) It is a micro-level perspectiveRead MoreThe Sociological Paradigm Of Drugs And Drug Use1396 Words   |  6 PagesSocieties define both the meanings of drugs and drug experience, with the definitions differing radically among different societies as well as subcultures and subgroups within the same society. Social groups and cultures define what kind of drug taking is appropriate, for example, alcohol use might be seen as appropriate among one group and inappropriate among other groups, such as among women and men. They also define which drugs are acceptable and which are not. Society also spell out the socialRead MoreDeviance Theory Analysis Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagestheory/anomie theory; subcultural theories; and medicalization of deviance (Sociological Theories to Explain Deviance). However, there are certain theoretical perspectives in sociology that may also discuss deviance. They include: conflict perspective; symbolic interactionist perspective; and structural functionalism/order perspective. The cultural transmission/differential association theory states that all human behaviors are learned. As such, it is also possible to acquire deviant behavior throughRead MoreThe Basic Supposition Of The Symbolic Interactionist1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe basic supposition of the Symbolic Interactionist (S.I.) paradigm is that human interaction is based upon and the interplay of three elements, self, society and social interaction. These elements form a triangle of interwoven social connections. The basic association is as follows: society shapes self, self then shapes social interaction and interaction shapes society. The interaction is complex enough to also allow for nearly every possible combination between those three elements in that the

Essay about The Ideal Leader - 1342 Words

How would the world be different if we had a president who habitually did the right thing and was admired by everyone? In a world where the political scene is constantly changing and is often dominated by tyrants, we can go back in time and gather wisdom from Plato as to what an ideal leader looks like. For instance, most leaders we see today are proud, self-seeking and trapped in a cave that tells them that success comes from oppression and looking out for their own good; however, Plato shows us in Paragraph 65 that â€Å"if they go about, hungering for their own private advantage†¦ the civil and domestic broils which thus arise will be the ruin of the rulers and state.† As we have seen time and time again (Saddam Hussein, etc) leaders who†¦show more content†¦I believe we find a very valuable truth here about what true leadership and thus what true enlightenment should look like—it does not come from excessive power but rather from the light of the truth . Because of this I propose that the â€Å"enlightenment† Plato is talking about here is not that one has reached optimum knowledge; instead, enlightenment is the ability of looking at our world and seeing the truth. Therefore true enlightenment is when one ceases to seek to know everything and instead, yearns to understand the truth. The reason I think this is because Plato says that â€Å"neither the uneducated and uninformed of the truth, nor those who never make an end to their education will be able ministers of the state†. This would imply to me that enlightenment is not just a drive for knowledge, but rather it is the ability to correctly apply knowledge to life. So instead of this enlightenment puffing up the leader, it would lead him to be humble, as he understands that he is not better then others but merely has greater wisdom, and because of this wisdom, he will never look at the world the same again (55). But what does this enlightenment have to do with leading and how does one become this great leader? In Plato’s allegory we find that enlightenment must be a gradual progress (21); the leader can’t all of the sudden become enlightened; instead, this leader must have aShow MoreRelatedThe Ideal Leader1998 Words   |  8 Pages1). A description of ideal leadership as you see it and how this description has evolved over the course of the semester. I believe the ideal leader should have a variety of skills and traits that will lead to success in any environment. I think that each environment or setting requires a balance of each depending on the situation. I think these basic skills are required to make an ideal leader. Emotional – Self-confidence, in which they are in control of their own emotions, strengths, weaknessesRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Ideal Leader901 Words   |  4 PagesDirectors is looking for a new leader who can take on the company leading it to the next level by creating a culture of highly motivated, innovate employees. Starcorp Industries needs a leader to help guide the organization’s current position into a successful one, while working to complete the contract they received from NASA. B. Characteristics of the ideal leader The characteristics of the ideal leader, replacing the CEO of Starcorp’s would be challenging, as a leader is going to have to lead theRead MoreThe Ideal Qualities of a Leader Essay2619 Words   |  11 Pages1 - What are the ideal knowledge, skills and attributes of a leader in my area of work? Introduction Leadership is a topic that has been widely studied and worthy of great interest because of its impact on both individuals and society as a whole. Exactly what constitutes a strong leader is a topic of debate. The term may conjure images of victorious historical figureheads such as Julius Caesar or Genghis Khan, but more subtle examples are found in everyday life, wherever there is group activity.Read MoreThe Ideal Leader Of A Business Situation Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesI am an ESTJ and some might say this personality is the ideal leader in a business situation, according to 16 Personalities, (n.d.). ESTJs relish bringing people together and always work hard. Additionally, ESTJs are model citizens and prefer to live in a factual, orderly world. At work ESTJs are unperturbed by complicated tasks and with their great organizational skills whittle down the most monumental tasks, making them appear to be easy. All the while, fulfilling promises along the way. MoreoverRead MoreThe Black, The White, And The Grey1201 Words   |  5 Pagesgood leader in relation to Machiavelli, Plato, and Marcus Aurelius) In modern politics so much of the black and white has blended into grey. It has become increasingly more difficult to define a good leader. Just looking at the Presidential candidates for the upcoming election is making me sick. Theodore Roosevelt, one of the truly good leaders of our country, says, â€Å"People ask the difference between a leader and a boss. The leader leads, and the boss drives.† Roosevelt definition of a leader challengesRead MoreEssay on The Marxist Ideal Cannot Work1692 Words   |  7 Pages The Marxist ideal, a highly appealing, almost Utopian society, is impossible to achieve due to the fact that it demands that the human mind be almost without flaws. It asks of society and its members to be absolutely without ranks, without greed or leadership. This has been clearly impossible for society. Each step to achieving a communist establishment has been, continues to be, and will be, in actuality, a step towards the totalitarian societies of past and current so-calledRead MoreMachiavelli And Castiglione Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesMachiavelli stresses how a leader, or prince should conduct himself properly. Machiavelli intended for all proper leaders to act on one guiding principle: Are my actions going to help me attain my greater goal? To achieve those high aspirations and goals, Machiavelli suggests that a leader cannot worry about his morality, for it will eliminate his proper capacity to rule over his people. In this explanation of morality and finds the wit to examine the nature that a proper leader should be feared by hisRead MoreEssay on Comparing the Republic to the Modern Society831 Words   |  4 PagesThe relevance of The Republic to our modern society In Plato’s The Republic, Plato illustrates what his ideal city would look like. He describes the educational systems, ideal legislators and the purposes of democracy. The republic influenced many people to understand the purpose for democracy, and it led to new philosophical schools of thought. Although this work was written hundreds of years ago, it still affects our modern world today. One of the most important things that Plato stresses isRead MoreThe Ideal Ruler Of Kant s Ruler1070 Words   |  5 Pages The Ideal Ruler How should our ideal rulers and government behave? The question has been asked for centuries and is still asked today. In 1516, Niccolà ² Machiavelli attempted to answer this question in his work The Prince(Machiavelli 8). Centuries later a different view of an ideal ruler was proposed by an Enlightenment writer, Immanuel Kant. Although Niccolà ² Machiavelli and Immanuel Kant lived 250 years apart, both views have advantages and disadvantages in leading a country, Kant s rulerRead MoreLeadership Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesClifford Eason December 12, 2011 Leadership Essay Thousands of definitions have been written to identify characteristics that effective leaders should possess; however it is impossible for leaders to be effective if they are unable to understand that true leaders are called by Christ, are servants to Christ, and must seek the vision of Christ. Through Christ, leaders recognize and address the needs of their followers by elevating and empowering them, and will inevitably fail if they allow themselves

Proposing a solution for global warming Free Essays

INTRODUCTION. The occurrence of increased average temperature in the earth’s surface air and water bodies in the recent decades and its projected continuation constitutes global warming.  These increments in temperatures are due to higher amounts of green gas concentrations, which warm the surface and lower atmosphere thereby increasing the green house effects  On the other hand, natural phenomena such as volcanoes and solar variation have also impacted on global warming(1). We will write a custom essay sample on Proposing a solution for global warming or any similar topic only for you Order Now Increased global temperatures results into other changes such as sea level rise, changes in precipitation patterns that result in floods, droughts and glacier retreat. These adverse effects of global warming have sparked off serious debate especially after Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic change (IPCC) projected climatic models that global surface temperatures are likely to increase to 6.40C (2.0 TO 110F) between 1990 and 2100.(2)The debate focuses on world scale regarding, what, if any, action should be taken to adapt to expected consequences or reduce future warming.  There is however a general agreement that affirmative action should be taken to avert further crisis.(3) To this effect, most governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing the green gas emissions, which cause global warming. The major challenge to this process is that industrialized nations who are the major contributors of green house gases such as America are reluctant to make this worthy commitment(4).  The main aim of Kyoto protocol is to reduce â€Å"Anthropogenic Climatic Change†(Human induced changes).It is believed that implementation of the Kyoto protocol will plummet these climatic changes. However, thermal inertia of the earth’s ocean and slow responses of other indirect effects would still cause further warming but at drastically reduced levels that are not very harmful (at 0.90f) as indicated by climatic changes studies.(5) The scientific consensus indicates levels of green house gases due to human activity. In 1824, Joseph Fourier discovered the green gas effect, and Svante Arrhenius investigated it quantitatively in 1896.Green house effect is the process by which absorption and emission by infrared radiation by atmospheric gases warms a planet’s atmosphere and its surface(6). The green house gases include natural ones such as water vapor, carbondioxide, methane, ozone and nitrous oxide. Atmospheric concentrations of carbon and methane have increased by 31% and 149% above pre-industrial revolution times since 1970.This occurrence has been attributed to fossil fuel burning and other anthropogenic causes such as deforestation.(7)Further, carbon dioxide levels are expected to increase due to ongoing fossil fuel burning processes around the globe. And land use change. This will depend on uncertain economic, technological and natural developments.(8) IPCC projected increase of methane from melting permafrost peat bogs in Siberia may lead to significant additional sources of green gas emissions.(9)  Thus, the effect of global warming including sea level rise, extreme weather events, stream flows, and change in rainfall patterns, increased deaths, displacements and increased economic losses projected due to extreme weather may even be exacerbated by increased population densities.(10) There is also expected reduction of ozone layer, intensity and frequency of hurricanes and worse, spread of diseases such as malaria and other epidemiological related ailments. A typical example is the current heavy rains experienced in Britain, which scientists have attributed to be, and effect of global warming.(11) The scientists, lead by Peter Stott at Hadley center, have used computer models in finding evidence to predict the course of global warming which all show heavy rainfall as it is documented in the local daily, The Independent. The effects of these rains have been disastrous with many Britons fleeing their homes.(12) Britain is currently making headlines in the world media; only because of the destructive results its citizens are experiencing from the heavy rains. The new Prime Minister called a crisis meeting with the top leadership of his government in response to this crisis.(13)  The rains have left many Britons desperate and in dire need of humanitarian assistance. Droughts attributed to global warming currents witnessed in several parts of the world such as Sub-Saharan Africa has left their citizens in famine and utter penury,(14) malnourished only to depend on aid. Surely the world cannot continue like this, it is only prudent, affirmative action is taken to avert this situation THE   Ã‚  SOLUTIONS. Just as it is called Global warming, it needs global solution, which calls for nothing other than global input. Participation of the whole globe is necessary without exclusion of any particular state or individual.  Efficiency in the use of energy (Use of renewable energy) is a major step to reduce global warming to reduce dependenc4 on oil and other fossil fuels that cause global warming. Currently, over 70% of USA electricity comes from fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil in contrast to only 2% from renewable energy sources(15). We should therefore focus on sources such as wind, solar, georthermal and bioenergy to generate our electricity instead of fossil fuel sources that increase global warming emissions. It is indeed true that these measures need radical step. Fortunately, we have the solutions, and the energy to implement them(16). What we lack is the will. The steps we make will in most cases save consumer’s money. Radical measures include total overhaul of our practices, where instead of Deforestration, we should plant trees in bare lands. Deforestation accounts for 20% of global warming. We should therefore protect threatened forests(17).  Most scientists believe postponing these measures would require much more input once severe consequences occur than if we had implemented them today. Pollution of the atmosphere needs to stop forthwill, it will become an irreversible damage and we had better stopped the practice. Carboon dioxide remains in the atmosphere for about 100 years.(18) Pollution practice would require more duration to reverse its effects on global warming, we better prevent this. Waste damping particularly in water bodies such as rivers needs to be addressed to avoid decomposition and subsequent release of carbon dioxide that would increase the green house effect in the atmosphere.(19) We must also strive to reduce the production of Chlorofluorocarbons that are powerful green house gases and ozone depleters .(20) For such a radical course, legislation control from the central government in different democracies and even globally is apparent. However, individual citizens must institute in themselves the required environmental standards to make it their own initiative to act on this end. For instance it would be wiser to use a push mower to cut your lawn instead of a power mower(21). Or have a low water-use machine. It is also wise to reduce the water heater thermostat heating degree. Buying energy efficient compact fluorescent bulbs for most used lights in the house is also important. A solar water heater system instead of electric or other fuel use is wiser move. In addition, an individual should drive a fuel-efficient car or a new hybrid gasoline electric vehicle. Insulating homes, installing energy efficient showerheads and even tuning up of the furnace are some of the basic steps individuals should implement to reduce global warming(22). Wise and committed person (not necessarily an environmentalist) should also contact his or her utility company for a home energy audit check for poor insulations or energy-inefficient places in the home. Other credible moves to reduce global warming by individuals include wrapping up the heater in an insulating jacket. Workers should also consider leaving their cars at home for some days and then walking to work or alternatively using public means of transport. Recycling of wastes newsprint, cardboard, glass and metals are also better alternatives to using non-renewable that emit green gases after use.(23) People should also consider buying food and other products with less packaging or reusable packaging instead of those in non-recyclable packaging. I believe most measures outlined above are but mere common sence, very achievable if we introduce discipline amongst ourselves.(24) Drastic reduction of global warming will have much more benefits that would outweigh possible risks involved in its implementation. We as humans must entitle ourselves to tackle the anthropogenic causes of global warming to treat the world we live in(25). The world’s leading scientific authority on global warming documents that the warming of the last 50 years has been due to anthropogenic (human caused) green house gases. The panel, after monitoring current trend of human approach to the envoiroment, further says the rise could be by 50C this century.(26) This would represent twice the entire warming after the last ice age 12000 years ago and it would take place in 100 years. Shocking! More confirmation to human destructive trends on the atmosphere were detailed in the recent statement by the American Geophysical Union that there is no known geological precedent for the transfer of Carbon from the Earth crust to the atmospheric carbon dioxide. Inequalities comparable to the burning of fossil fuels, without simultaneous changes in other parts of the carbon cycle and climate system( 27). We must therefore strive to achieve our aim through all means including institutionalization of global warming reduction programs such as developing systems to clean our electric power plants, currently using coal to produce electricity. This should be converted into plants that burn cleaner natural gas.(27) In addition, harnessing clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is a viable measure to solving the global warming problem.  We have what it takes to make the globe a better place to live in. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The havoc global warming has caused the earth is perhaps the greatest. From its effects such as floods, droughts we have seen, read and understood the implications of destroying our atmosphere.(28) Millions of lives have been lost through its related effects.  Implementation of the possible solutions outlined in this essay, provides the framework for improving our livelihood in the globe.  For this worthy course, every single individual or nation on the globe must play an active role through involvement in the pragmatic measures aimed at alleviating global warming from the world.This should be done today. REFERENCES 1,2,3 .Revkin, Andrew C, Rise in Gases Unmatched by a history in ancient ice, The New York times, 2005-11-05 4-9Tans, Peter, Trends in Atmospheric carbon dioxide, Mauna Loa.National oceanicand Atmospheric Administration. 10-14Hansen, James; et al (2006-09-26) Global temperature Change PNAS 103 14288-14293 15-23Purse, Betham V, Philips (Feb 2005) Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe (2) 171-181 24-28Harte, John, et al, Shifts in Plant Dominance Control Carbon Cycle Response To Experimental Warming and widespread drought environmental research letters How to cite Proposing a solution for global warming, Essay examples

Business Finance And Quantitative Methods Of Dick Smith Holdings

Question: Discuss about the Business Finance And Quantitative Methods Of Dick Smith Holdings Limited. Answer: Introduction This particular essay attempts to heighten a brief summary of the ownership history of Dick Smith Holdings Limited. It also incorporates the critical evaluation of the valuation of the company when it was acquired by Anchorage Capital Partners and its Initial Public Offer (IPO) amount. The essay also attempts to assess the ethical dilemmas that face Anchorage Capital Partners regarding the floating of the company and the senior executives and directors of Dick Smith Holdings Limited in respect to its financial reports made in the 2014/2015 accounts and reports. Dick Smith Holdings Limited was an Australian wide-chain of retail stores domiciled in Sydney, Australia and was founded by Dick Smith in 1968 (Dick Smith Holdings Limited annual reports, 2015). The company basically sold consumer electronics goods, electronic project kits and hobbyist electronic components for its customers in Australia, New Zealand and other parts of the world. The company expanded effectively into New Zeala nd and unsuccessful in some other nations globally (Anderson, Sweeney, Williams, Camm, and Cochran, 2012). Dick Smith Holdings Limited expanded to be a leading business in Australia that ensured that almost every electronic enthusiastic in the country has one of its catalogs and thus enhanced profits. In the FY2012, Dick Smith Holdings Limited was formerly acquired by Anchorage Capital Partners at an opening cash payment of AU$20 Million and the total ultimate cost of some AU$115 Million. Brief summary of the ownership history of the Dick Smith Holdings Limited Dick Smith Holdings Limited was initiated in 1968 by Dick Smith. The company started as small rented buildings in a car park in the Sydney area of Neutral Bay with the total capital of just AU$610 and focused mostly on servicing and installing car radios (Puncheva, and Michelotti, 2014). Due to the company rapid increase and success in the business sector, the company moved to a bigger premises so as to enhance its business operations in the country. The company profited mostly from CB Radio business, and by the end of ten years, it had branches in all the mainland regions in the country. Dick Smith Holdings Limited was owned by Dick Smith and his wife until they basically sold the majority of shares to Woolworth Limited in 1982 (Clements, 2015). The company expanded its diverse range of products especially in between 1970 and 1980 and basically stocked products such as TV receiving stations and Heathkit electronic kits because of the waning interest rates. The business had expanded to about 20 stores and the initiator together with his wife sold 60% of the business shares to Woolworth Limited and the remaining 40% ownership was completed in 1982. Dick Smith Holdings Limited continued to increase to its setup of small main street stores in the regional and suburbs towns across Australia. The company later established Dick Smith Electronic Powerhouse which was a superstore across the east coast of Australia that carried an extensive range of products in the audiovisual, computing and armature radio areas to enhance its productions. In the FY2008, following Woolworth Limited review of its consumer electronics division, Dick Smith Electronic Powerhouse revamped its flagship store as a notion to Dick Smith Technology branding (Lau, 2016). In 2009, Woolworth Company Limited confirmed the end of the Dick Smith Electronic Powerhouse as progressively phased out over the subsequent three years as part of its division. Dick Smith Electronic Powerhouse ended its operation s in 2016 with several years of Anchorage Capital Partners acquisition. Critical evaluation of the valuation of the company when it was acquired by Anchorage Capital Partners and its Initial Public Offer (IPO) Dick Smith Holdings Limited had been owned by Woolworth Limited since the early 1980s, until early in 2012 when Woolworth Limited announced that the business was underperforming and non-core and instigated a sale process (Schauten, Dijk, and Waal, 2016). After a period of distinctiveness, in November 2012 Anchorage Capital Partner acquired the company for AU$20 Million. Anchorage Capital Partners announced in FY2012 that it had entered into an agreement with Woolworth Company Limited to acquire 100% of Dick Smith Electronics with the entire transaction anticipated to be completed in November 2012. Dick Smith Electronics was an iconic Australian consumer electronics company that became part of Woolworth Company Limited in 1980 (Essayyad, 2012). The deal had been conventionally structured so that Dick Smith Holdings Limited will emerge from the sale supported by a strong statement of financial position with considerable asset backing and no core liabilities. As part of the acquisition, Anchorage Capital Partners would also support the operations by offering additional guarantees and cash investment. As at FY2012, Dick Smith Holdings Limited reported sales worth AU$1.6 Billion. Anchorage Capital Partners paid as much as AU$115 Million for Dick Smith Holdings Limited because it was agreed that an approximately AU$20 Million would be paid up front. As at FY2012, Dick Smith Holdings Limited was basically valued at AU$420 Million (Dias, and Saizarbitoria, 2016). The company was heavily criticized because it was cheaply sold because the company could not make sufficient profits needed by the company. Woolworth Company Limited having struggled to find a fit for the electronics retailer from its acquisition in 1980, the company was keen to offloading the non-core business division for approximately AU$115 Million. Since Anchorage Capital Partners is a privately owned institution, the price details of the newly acquired asset, the company shares are not routinely made pub lic. When Dick Smith Holdings Limited was basically acquired by Anchorage Capital Partners, the company had less value and was basically valued at AU$20, and its Initial Public Offer (IPO) was at AU$2.20 per share. Following the company acquisition, Anchorage Capital Partners restructured its business, and the retailer was mainly listed on the shares market for AU$2.20 for each share raising about AU$345 Million which was more than five times its initial purchase price (Brigham, and Houston, 2012). Anchorage Capital Partners is alleged to have marked down a substantial value of Dick Smith inventories to sell it at a discount so as to report an attractive incomes data. These particular adjustments did not touch the new Dick Smith Company loss and profit reports, and at the lash of the pen, the company had made or avoided about AU$120 Million in future pre-tax profit. The company financial statements as at 2012 indicated that Dick Smith Holdings Limited had stock that cost AU$371 Mill ion but had been written-down to AU$312 Million (Essayyad, 2014). Consecutively, as at June 2013, the company inventory had decreased to AU$171 Million which basically pointed out an apparent sale of the enterprise. In this case, the reduction in the company inventory produced a massive AU$140 Million profits to the company operating cash flows as a result of selling most of the inventory, but there was no restocking. Due to this particular markdown of most of Dick Smith Holdings Limited inventory and other non-current assets, the company valuation had been decreased tremendously that enabled Anchorage Capital Partners to acquire the new corporation quickly (Oakshott, 2012). An assessment of the ethical dilemmas that faces Anchorage Capital Partners in respect of the floating of the business Floating of the business shares in the market is usually the duty of management. Floating of shares often enables the company to raise more capital to fund its diverse activities such as expansion. The management of Anchorage Capital Partners basically faces diverse ethical dilemmas when floating of shares because of the negative critics that they face as a result of Dick Smith Holdings Limited acquisition in 2012. The company management is criticized of decreasing the company value so as to enrich themselves which is considered to be unethical among the company operations (Iyakaremye, 2015). Anchorage Capital Partners are faced with the aspect of trust and confidence from shareholders in respect to floating of its shares because they feel less secured from diverse operations of the company. The company management floated the electronics chains that bear the name of Dick Smith which was considered to lack decency and morality and that the managers were faced with a lawsuit with the a im to refund for the clients that were left holding worthless gift cards. Dick Smith Holdings Limited was initially sold off to Anchorage Capital Partners for about AU$115 Million, and the privately owned firm basically floated the business just after fifteen months later for more than five times its initial costs. This aspect was considered to be unethical because the amount paid for the company was too low. There can be absolutely no doubt that the Anchorage Capital Partners Limited managers knew that the things were not doing the right thing to its customers. Investors lost their life savings invested in the company while the company directors walked away with several million (Gendron, and Smith, 2015). The Anchorage Capital Partners misled the directors of Dick Smith Holdings Limited that led to their acquisition at a little value whereas the company management made diverse profits that floated an enormous amount of shares that was considered to be five times the initial value o f Dick Smith Holdings Limited. An assessment of the ethical dilemmas that faces the senior executives and directors of Dick Smith Holdings Limited with respect to its financial reports made in the 2014/2015 accounts and reports According to the financial reports and accounts for FY2014/15, the management board of Dick Smith Holdings Limited duped the firm shareholder and investors using the name of Dick Smith to hide their dishonesty (Wood, 2011). They fooled the company investors and shareholders that the company was making profits and that the company financial students and reports demonstrated a clear picture of the company financial position and in actual aspects, the company financial statements were deceiving. This action was basically unethical and unprofessional because they also fooled financial professionals and banks to push for the company sale (Essayyad, 2012). Another ethical problem that faces the directors and executive management is that according to the FY2014/15 accounts and reports, there was no indication that Dick Smith Holdings Limited will exit the business. According to the reports, the managers rewarded themselves with huge bonuses and salaries that resulted to the company liquatio n. The company went into receivership five months after the release of the financial statements of 2014/2015 which indicated that the company would continue its operations for a foreseeable future but in real aspect, the company had diverse problems. Due to huge salaries by the directors that resulted in little profits, the company shares were suspended from trading via the ASX. Senior executives and directors of Dick Smith Holdings Limited were blamed for low sales that led to low profits and hence the closure of the business. Anchorage Capital Partners had altered the true and fair value and projections of the company when it registered the company of the Australia Stock Exchange in the FY2013 (Kenney, Cava, and Rodgers, 2016). Basically, it a company cannot be valued at AU$90 Million in FY2012 by Woolworth Limited, AU$500 Million in 2013 and then the company goes into receivership two years later. In this case, the company management deceived the company shareholders and investor s. The senior executives and directors of Dick Smith Holdings Limited knew of inventory problems that led to most of the company stocks written off. The management team basically deceived the shareholders, and they were treated poorly, and they had a right to correct information to make informed decisions on the Australian share market. The senior executives and directors of Dick Smith Holdings Limited did not offer viable information to its investors and shareholders that led to the company closure (Essayyad, 2008). This is because it is believed that the managers had concrete knowledge of what was happening with the company and failed to advise on the shareholders on the possible approaches to save the company from downfall. Conclusion Proper and ethical management of diverse companies globally is usually the core aspect that enhances the company operations. A company that has better management team usually generate sufficient profits for its investors and shareholders because they ensure that there is continuous production. Dick Smith Holdings Limited sold consumer electronics goods, electronic project kits and hobbyist electronic components for its customers in Australia, New Zealand and other parts of the world. The company was officially closed in 2016 because the company management did not disclose all the problems that hindered the operations of the enterprise. The company management fooled the company investors and shareholders that the company was making profits and that the corporation financial students and reports demonstrated a clear picture of the company financial position and in real aspects, the company financial statements were deceiving. Bibliography Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. and Cochran, J.J., 2012.Quantitative methods for business. Cengage Learning. Brigham, E.F. and Houston, J.F., 2012.Fundamentals of financial management. Cengage Learning. Clements, J., 2015. Stamp duty consequences of infrastructure and development agreements.Taxation in Australia,49(11), p.688. Dias, A.A.D.S.P. and Saizarbitoria, I.H., 2016. ISO 9001 Performance: A Holistic and Mixed-Method Analysis.Revista de Management Comparat International,17(2), p.136. Dick Smith Holdings Limited annual reports, 2015. Retrieved from https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20150818/pdf/430kvhrl8cpg0l.pdf Essayyad, M., 2012. The Case of Anchorage.International Banking and Financial Centers, p.11. Ezidinma, V., 2014.Why corporations fail: An exploration theory on the recurring themes in corporate failure(Doctoral dissertation, Dublin Business School). Essayyad, M., 2012. 2. The Feasibility of Establishing.International Banking and Financial Centers, p.11. Essayyad, M., 2008. The Feasibility of Establishing an International Financial Centre: The Case of Anchorage.International Banking and Financial Centers, p.11. Iyakaremye, A., 2015. Analysis Of Financial Performance And Financial Risk In Agricultural Companies Listed On The Nairobi Security Exchange. Gendron, Y. and Smith-Lacroix, J.H., 2015. The global financial crisis: Essay on the possibility of substantive change in the discipline of finance.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,30, pp.83-101. Kenney, R., La Cava, G. and Rodgers, D., 2016.Why Do Companies Fail?(No. rdp2016-09). Reserve Bank of Australia. Lau, A., 2016. ASA stands up for shareholders.Equity,30(4), p.10. Oakshott, L., 2012.Essential quantitative methods: For business, management and finance. Palgrave Macmillan. Puncheva-Michelotti, P. and Michelotti, M., 2014. The new face of corporate patriotism: does being local matter to stakeholders?.Journal of Business Strategy,35(4), pp.3-10. Schauten, M.B., Van Dijk, D. and van der Waal, J.P., 2013. Corporate governance and the value of excess cash holdings of large European firms.European Financial Management,19(5), pp.991-1016. Wood, D., 2011. MA transactions: What are the issues; what are the opportunities?.Tax Specialist,14(5), p.238.